V-Speeds

V-Speeds are standard reference airspeeds used for aircraft operations. Key V-speeds include:

• V1: Takeoff decision speed — go/no-go point on the takeoff roll
• Vr: Rotation speed — speed at which the pilot pulls back to lift off
• V2: Takeoff safety speed — minimum speed after engine failure on takeoff
• Vref: Reference landing speed (typically 1.3 x stall speed)
• Vne: Never Exceed speed
• Vno: Maximum structural cruising speed
• Vs: Stall speed (clean configuration)
• Vs0: Stall speed (landing configuration)
• Va: Maneuvering speed
• Vfe: Maximum flap extended speed
• Vmca: Minimum control speed with one engine inoperative (air)